SYSTEMS AND ORGANS
Cells make up tissues. Tissues make up organs. Organs make up systems. Systems make up the organism.
Animal Systems and Organs - Outlined with respect to the human organism

  1. Integumentary System - One organ: Skin. Function - Protection, heat regulation, and vitamin synthesis.
  2. Skeletal System - Organs @ 206 Bones. Two divisions: Axial and Appendicular. Axial Division - bones of the skull, vertebral column, rib cage and sternum. Appendicular Division - bones of the appendages (arms and legs, etc). Function - Support, protection, leverage, and mineral storage.
  3. Muscular System - Organs @ 600 muscles. Three types of muscles: Skeletal (Striated), Cardiac, and Visceral (Smooth). Function - motion and heat generation.
  4. Nervous System - Organs: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Sensory Organs. Two main divisions - Axial and Peripheral. Major cell type - neuron (motor and sensory). Function - Sensory reception, interpretation, and initiation of motion.
  5. Respiratory System - Organs: Mouth, Nose, Trachea, Larynx, Bronchi, Lungs, plus accessory structures. Function - Breathing and respiration.
  6. Cardiovascular System - Organs: Heart, Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins. Function - Blood production, circulation of blood, transport of respiratory gasses, nutrients, and metabolic wastes.
  7. Lymphatic System - Organs: Lymph Nodes, and Lymphatic Vessels. Function - Circulation and purification of lymphatic fluid through phagocytosis.
  8. Digestive System - Organs: Mouth, Teeth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, plus accessory organs. Function - Acquisition and processing of food materials and elimination of solid wastes.
  9. Excretory System - Organs: Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra. Function - Regulation of volume and concentration of blood and elimination of liquid nitrogenous wastes.
  10. Endocrine System - Organs: Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroids, Thymus, Adrenals, Pancreas, Ovaries, Testes. Function - Hormone production and regulation of physiological systems function.
  11. Reproductive System - Organs: Testes and Ovaries plus accessory structures. Function - Development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics and reproduction.

Plant Systems and Organs

Plants do not have organs organized into systems. Plant organs are: Roots, Stems, Leaves, Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds. Functions: Nutrient absorption and transport, photosynthesis, transport of synthesized foods, food storage, attraction of pollinators, and reproduction.

Organs and systems vary greatly between the groups of various living organisms but hold in common the need for motion, nutrient acquisition, protection, and reproduction.