1. Cheese Plant seedlings in the Amazon Basin grow along the ground after germinating until they contact a tree and then the grow up the tree.
2. . Photosynthesis has both light and dark phases. The layers of the forest canopy regulate the amount of sunlight reaching the ground.
3. Roots, rootlets, and root hairs absorb water. 90% of water entering a plant through the roots is lost through leaf pores called stomata thorough the process of guttation.
4. Plant vascular tissue transports fluids. Xylem transports water and dissolved materials up the plant. Phloem transports water and food materials down the plant.
5. Leaves have many dangers in life. Examples are: too much or too little water, Herbivores, and disease causing organisms.
6. Plant cell walls are made from cellulose, lignin, and pectin. These are nondigestible to animals. They have helpers living in their guts. Examples are: Protozoa as in termites, and Bacteria as in the human intestine.
7. Plants defend them selves in many ways. Examples are: African Acacia with spines. Giraffes ignore the spines or at least are not hurt by them.
8. Stinging Nettles have stinging hairs on the undersurface of their leaves and on their stems. These discourage potential herbivorous animals. False Nettles mimic the Stinging Nettles and because of resemblance are protected from attack.
9. Pebble Plants of Africa look like small pebbles and are thus overlooked.
10. Passion Flowers are poisonous but Heliconius Butterflies larvae feed upon the vine anyway. The Vines produce small structures that look like butterfly eggs. The presence of these discourage female butterflies from depositing more eggs on the plant.
11. Bracken Ferns of Europe produce cyanide which prevents herbivores from feeding upon them.
12. Sensitive Mimosa closes its leaves at touch.
13. Insectivorous plants feed on insects as nutritive supplements. Examples are: Venus Fly Trap, Trumpet Pitcher Plants, and Sundews. The largest pitcher plant in the world is the Pentes Rajah found on Mount Kinabalau in Borneo. 76 species of Pitcher plants are known and of these 30 are found in Borneo.
14. The Giant Arum of Borneo has the world’s largest leaves. Each mature leaf has about 34 square feet of surface area exposed to the sun.
15. Leaves fall in deciduous forest in the fall as a result of a process called abscission. This process exposes ordinarily
    hidden pigments such as: Carotenes, Anthocyanins, and Xanthophylls. These pigments give the trees their spectacular
    fall coloration.
16. Leaves vary with shape and function according to location and habitat.
17. Tree Rings tell the age of trees. One ring is added each growing season. Bristle Cone Pine in the White Mountains of eastern California are the oldest living things on earth. The oldest known specimen is 4,000 plus years old. Giant Sequoias reach and age of 3,000 and can be over 300 feet tall.